senior



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

. J. SENIOR.

APPARATUS FOR WASHING AND STONING GRAIN.

No. 574,638. Patented Jan. 5, 1897.

Rgl 11 3 k (NovM deL) 2 Sheets.-Sheet 2-.

v J. SENIOR. APPARATUS FOR WASHING AND STORING GRAIN.

' Patented Jan. 5, 1897'.-

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH SENIOR, oF WAKEFIELD, ENGLAND.

APPARATUS FOR WASHING AND STONING GRAIN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 574,633, dated January5, 1897. Application filed May 6, 1895. Serial No. 548,307. (No model.)Patented in England May 1, 1893 No. 8,702.

T0 at whont it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOSEPH SENIOR, a subject of the Queen of GreatBritain, residing at YVakefield, England, have invented new and usefulImprovements in Apparatus for \Vashing and Stoning Grain, (for which Ihave obtained a patent in Great Britain, No. 8,702, dated May 1, 1893,)of which the followingis a specification.

My invention relates to that class of apparatus for washing and stoninggrain in which two or more cylinders, each having an internal spiral webor groove, are arranged in an inclined position and have an intermittentor continuous rotary or oscillating motion imparted to them, throughwhich cylinders the grain is caused to travel with a suitable flow ofwater, the stones or other heavy foreign substances in the grainmeanwhile becoming deposited in the said internal spiral groove orgrooves and passing out at one end, while the grain passes out at theopposite end of each cylinder. The said cylinders have hithertogenerally been made of copper or metallic substance with the internalspiral web or rib brazed thereto, and they have in consequence beenexpensive as regards both material and manufacture and complicated inconstruction.

My invention has for its object to lessen the cost of such cylinders andsimplify their construction and manufacture; and to this end I make themin the manner hereinafter described from glazed earthenware, theinternal spiral Web or rib being formed integrally therewith and havinga face perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder and a face inclined tosuch axis.

To enable my invention to be fully understood, I will describe the sameby reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is alongitudinal sectional elevation of an apparatus for washing and stoninggrain provided with my improved cylinders, the section being taken onthe line a a, Fig. 2, which is an end elevation of the said apparatus.Fig. 2 represents a longitudinal section of one of the earthenwarecylinders drawn to an enlarged scale. Fig. 3 is a view of the gearing,also drawn to a larger scale, which I prefer to employ for driving thesaid cylinders in order to impart an oscillatory rotating motionthereto. Fig. 3 is a View showing the reverse side of the cam formingpart of said gearing. Fig. 4 is a side elevation, partly in section, ofan apparatus I employ in the manufacture of my improved cylinders; andFig. 5 is a horizontal section taken on the line b b of the same. Fig. 6is an elevation of my improved cylinder when finished ready to be fittedto the remaining part of the grain washing and stoning machine.

Similar letters of reference denote corresponding parts in each view.

Each cylinder 0 is made of earthenware, preferably in one piece, andhaving the in ternal spiral Web or rib 0 formed thereon or made integraltherewith.

I find it convenient to manufacture the earthenware cylinder 0 in thefollowing manner: By means of an ordinary sanitary pipemaking machine Ipress or mold a plain cylinder having an external diameter of the sizerequired for the cylinder 0 and an internal diameter corresponding tothat of the thread or spiral Web 0 to beformed in the cylinder.

I allow this clay or earthenware cylinder to become Well dried, 'afterwhich I place it in the apparatus illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5. Thisapparatus comprises a vertical'standD, having a head d forming a nut inwhich works a spindle E, having a spiral thread 6, corresponding to thepitch of the screw-thread or web 0 required to be made in the cylinder0. To the top of the spindle E is fixed a handwheel G, and at the lowerend is fixed an adjustable cutter H, having its cutting edge made of theshape required to form the thread or web a, the upper face of which Iprefer to make perpendicular to the axis of thecylinder, while the lowerface is inclined to such axis as shown, in order that the Water may flowover each of the spirals from the upper end of the cylinder, so that theflood of water in passing over the spirals shall constantly rise andfall over every coil. Each one is differently constructed to have moreand more incline, so as to allow the current of water to gradually riseover the last spiral before its gravity is spent. The spirals are so constructed by the cutter H, which cuts the first spiral deep and graduallydiminishes the depth, being adjustable to cut a spiral of the depthrequired,as, for instance, one and threequarters inches, diminishing toone inch. On the stand D is mounted a hinged cylindrical case F. \Vithinthis case I place the dried clay or earthenware cylinder O, and thenturn the hand-wheel G, when the spindle E will cause the cutter ll tocut away the clay and thereby form the thread 0, as represented at Figs.1 and 6. Asmall oblong openiugis cut through the cylinder C at 0 and thethread 0 extends up to the same, the interior of the upper end of thecylinder C being cut away, preferably by the rectangular cutter f,(shown attached to the spindle E.) The interior of the lower end of thecylinder 0 is also cut away and has three studs or projections 0 formedin it, as shown at Fig. 5, and which fit into the boxj, Fig. 1. Thecylinder 0 is then burned and salt-glazed in a similar manner to asaltglazed sanitary pipe, and is then ready tobc titted to theapparatus.

One end of the cylinder 0 fits into a box having its bearing on adivided feed-pipe K, fixed to the stand Z of the apparatus. The otherend of the cylinder is fitted to a box or flanged ring m, the boss ofwhich is fixed to and carried upon a shaft 19, to which is fitted atoothed wheel q. The toothed wheels q of the two cylinders are driven bya cam-wheel r, mounted upon a shaft .9, to which are fitted fast andloose pulleys. The cam is somewhat of the shape of a C and works intothe teeth of the wheels on either side of it, catching a fresh tooth ateach revolution in a well-known manner. The shaft of the cam-wheel r ishorizontal, but the shafts of the toothed wheels q are at an anglethereto, so that the cam only comes into contact with the upper part ofthe wheels 1 and does not engage the lower part of the same. The cam isflattened at s, so that at each revolution it imparts an oscillatingmotion to the cylinders, whereby the stones or hard materials are shakeninto the bottoms of the spiral threads of the cylinders and areprevented from adhering to the sides of the cylinders or from beingcarried away by the current of water.

The divided pipe K has a feed branch L and a water branch k which lattercommunicates with a reservoir '1. The grain is fed in at 71; and thewater at 76*. As the cylinders revolve and oscillate the stones or heavyforeign substances are deposited in the groove formed by the web or ribc and are carried back under the water and fall through the hole 0 intothe receptacle 1. At the same time the grain is carried by the flow ofwater down the cylinder G and is delivered at the lower end into thereceptacle w and thence into any receptacle. The overflow of water fromthe receptacle 10 passes into a receptacle w and through the bottomthereof into a receptacle 10 carrying with it light grains and othermaterial that swim on the top of the water.

It will be obvious that any suitable kind of clay can be used for themanufacture of my improved cylinder, and if preferred the cylinder canbe incased with iron or other metal.

Although I have described the thread or rib c in the cylinder 0 as beingformed bya specially-constructed cutting apparatus, I would have itunderstood that the said thread can, if required, be formed by means ofa metal core.

I have demonstrated by practical experi ments that the use ofearthenware cylinders having the internal glazed surface andinwardly-projectin g spiral rib, as herein described, gives advantageousresults not accomplished by cylinders composed of any other material.W'here metallic cylinders are employed, theysoon become foul, and thecontinual wear of the grit and foreign material from the grain will wearthrough the metal in a comparatively short time, thereby destroying theutility of the cylinder. My improved earthenware cylinders areconstantly clean and sweet, and on account of the glazed surface thereis no corrosion whatever and no wear, as the grit makes no impressionupon the glazed surface of the cylinder. The form of the internalthreads which I employ being straight on one side and inclined upon theother, both surfaces being of course finely glazed, causes aconsiderably better separation of the grain from the grit-stones andother heavy materials, as the grain will ride over the glazed surfacesof the rib much more readily than over wood or metal. As a consequenceof the use of these cylinders, very much less Water is required forseparating the grain than is ordinarily required where other cylindersare used, and this is an important consideration, as these machines areoften employed where the water-supply is scarce.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my saidinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare thatwhat I claim is- 1. In a machine for washing and stoning grain, a hollowcylinder of earthenware having its interior provided with aninwardlyprojecting spiral web or rib, the interior surface of saidcylinder and the surface of said web being glazed, substantially as andfor the purpose set forth.

2. In a machine for washing and stoning grain, a hollow cylinder ofearthenware having its interior provided with an inwardlyprojectingspirally-arranged web, one side of said web being perpendicular to theinner face of the cylinder and the other side being disposed angularlythereto, the interior of said cylinder, and said web being glazedsubstantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In a machine for washing and stoning grain, a hollow cylinder ofearthenware having its interior provided with a spirally-ar ranged web,one side of said web being per pendicular to the inner face of thecylinder and the other side being disposed angularly thereto, said webincreasing in height from one end of the cylinder to the other, theinterior surface of said cylinder and the surface of said Web beingglazed substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In a machine for Washing and stoning grain the combination with aninclined revoluble earthenware cylinder provided interiorly with aspiral Web and having its interior including said web, glazed, devicesfor feeding Water and grain to the upper end of said cylinder, means forimparting rotary motion to said cylinder and means for oscillating saidcylinder at intervals during its revolutions, substantially asdescribed.

5. In a machine for Washing and stoning grain, the combination with apair of .inclined revoluble earthenware cylinders, each having aninternal spiral Web, and having its interior, including said Web,glazed, feeding devices for feeding Water and grain to said cylindersgear-Wheels connected with said cylinders for revolving the same and adisk provided with a spiral cam engaging the gear- Wheels of bothcylinders for revolving said cylinders simultaneously substantially asand for the purpose set forth.

6. In a machine for Washing and stoning grain, the combination with apair of inclined revoluble earthenware cylinders, each having aninternal spiral Web and having its interior including said Web glazed,feeding devices for feeding Water and grain to said cylinders,gear-Wheels connected with said cylinders for revolving the same, aspiral

